The liver performs a host of functions (well over 500) but the basic ones are:
Production of plasma proteins:
- Factor 1 and 2: Clotting proteins that are responsible for ensuring that the blood can clot following injury
- Plasma proteins namely the protein albumin which, amongst other things, keeps fluids within the blood vessels.
Storage of trace elements and vitamins:
- Fats and fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
- Iron
- Glycogen, a product made by the liver as a method of storing energy that can be converted back at time of need to maintain the bloods sugar levels
Metabolism (breaking down) of substances:
- Fats and fat soluble vitamins
- Cholesterol
- Proteins
- Certain trace elements e.g. copper
Detoxification (rendering harmless):
- Alcohol
- Steroid and thyroid hormones
- Drugs
Excretion (removal) of:
- Copper and iron
- Some drugs
- Lactate (a substance produced by the body during metabolism)
Immunity
- The liver cells contribute towards natural immunity by producing some antibodies. A special type of cell found in the liver called ‘Kupffer’ cells also help to clear unwanted substances from the body.